Arrays of Cu-doped ZnO nanowires were successfully fabricated by electrodeposition of Zn2+ and Cu2+ into anodic aluminum oxide template and post-oxidation annealing in air atmosphere. The transmission electron microscopy result shows that the nanowires are uniform, about 100 nm in diameter and with the aspect ratio of up to 40. Selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction results indicate that the nanowires are in hexagonal wurtzite structure. Magnetization measurements show that the Zn1-xCuxO (x=0.07 and 0.11) nanowires exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism and the enhancement of the ferromagnetism is revealed for the Zn0.93Cu0.07O nanowires annealed in vacuum. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.