The basic properties of cotton stalk (CS) of length 10-100 mm and its ash were investigated. Studies concerning the combustion characteristics of CS were performed in a Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) test facility with a beat input Of 0.5 MW. According to previous cold tests, there is very little segregation during the mixing of CS with this size profile and bed material at a fluidization number of N > 7, but the hot experimental results indicate that slight segregation has a small effect on the steady combustion of the dense region. Experiments were carried out with the aim of investigating the effects of operating conditions on the axial temperature and gas concentration profiles along the combustor height, as well as the emission performance and combustion efficiency of the CH. The experimental results indicate it is difficult to react alumina bed material with alkali metals from CS ash following 26 h of combustion. The overall conclusions appear to indicate that the application of circulating fluidized bed boilers to fire pure CS of length 10-100 mm, is feasible.