Adiponectin (APN) is a hormone released by adipose tissue with anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose Of this study was to examine the therapeutic effects of systemic delivery of APN in murine arthritis model. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in male DBA1/J mice, and adenoviral vectors encoding human APN (Ad-APN) or beta-galactosidase (Ad-beta-gal) as control were injected either before or during arthritis progression. Systemic APN delivery at both time points significantly decreased clinical disease activity scores of CIA. In addition, APN treatment before arthritis progression significantly decreased histological scores of inflammation and cartilage damage, bone erosion, and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the joints, without altering set-Urn anti-collagen antibodies levels. Immunohistochemical staining showed significant inhibition of complement C1q and C3 deposition in the joints of Ad-APN infected CIA mice. These results provide novel evidence that systemic APN delivery prevents inflammation and joint destruction ill murine arthritis model. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.