The catalytic coprocessing of two Spanish lignites with a vacuum residue of petroleum has been studied. Two catalysts supported on gamma-Al2O3, with loadings of 25% Fe2O3 and 25% Fe2O3/10% MoO3, have been tested at temperatures from 400 to 425-degrees-C with an initial hydrogen pressure of 8 MPa. Results show that both catalysts improve the conversion of coal and upgrade the liquid product distribution. When a high ash lignite is used the catalytic effect of the own mineral matter overcomes the effect of added catalysts. The FeMo catalyst yields the highest coal conversion, oil production and desulphuration within the range of temperatures studied.