Inflammation induces marked changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in regulating LDL receptor degradation. Here, we demonstrate that LPS decreases hepatic LDL receptor protein but at the same time hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels are not decreased. We therefore explored the effect of LPS on PCSK9 expression. LPS results in a marked increase in hepatic PCSK9 mRNA levels (4 h 2.5-fold increase; 38 h 12.5-fold increase). The increase in PCSK9 is a sensitive response with 1 mu g LPS inducing a 1/2 maximal response. LPS also increased PCSK9 expression in the kidney. Finally, zymosan and turpentine, other treatments that induce inflammation, also Stimulated hepatic expression of PCSK9. Thus, inflammation stimulates PCSK9 expression leading to increased LDL receptor degradation and decreasing LDL receptors thereby increasing serum LDL, which could have beneficial effects on host defense. Published by Elsevier Inc.