Poly (anhydride-esters) based on iodinated versions of salicylic acid were synthesized via both melt-condensation and solution polymerization techniques to generate radiopaque biomaterials. The poly (anhydride-esters) from iodinated salicylates were highly X-ray opaque compared to poly (anhydride-esters) from salicylic acid. Molecular weight and Young's modulus of polymers prepared by melt-condensation were typically two-to-three times higher than polymers prepared by solution methods. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers were dependent on the iodine concentration; polymers containing more iodine had higher glass transition temperatures. Cytotoxicity studies using mouse fibroblasts indicated that iodinated salicylate-based poly(anhydride-esters) prepared by both polymerization methods are biocompatible with cells at low polymer concentrations (0.01 mg/mL).