Removal of nitrogen in wastewater by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-immobilization of effective microorganisms

Jintae Lee; Moo Hwan Cho

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.27, No.1, 193-197, January, 2010

DOI10.1007/s11814-009-0330-4 Export Citation

Removal of nitrogen in wastewater by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-immobilization of effective microorganisms

Jintae Lee, and Moo Hwan Cho^†

School of Display & Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea

E-mail:

To remove nitrogen and carbon simultaneously from municipal wastewater, a mixture of effective microorganisms (EM) was immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel beads. The modified PVA beads with calcium alginate show characteristic pores and mechanical stability and flexibility. The EM-immobilized PVA system was established in a 3 L sequential batch reactor (SBR) with a synthetic wastewater and operated at an HRT of 12 h with COD loading rate of 0.5-2.4 g COD/L·d. In this system, intermittent aeration is more efficient than continuous aeration, and removal rates of COD and total nitrogen (T-N) were increased as the feed COD/N ratio was increased from 1.9 to 5.6. At an optimal condition, 73% of total nitrogen and 93% of COD were stably removed at a COD loading rate lower than 2.4 g COD/L·d and at 3 : 1 ratio of aerobic time to anoxic time.

Keywords:Wastewater;Nitrogen Removal;Effective Microorganisms;PVA;Cell Immobilization

[References]

Smith VH, Schindler DW, Trends Ecol. Evol., 24, 201 (2009)
Khin T, Annachhatre AP, Biotechnol. Adv., 22, 519 (2004)
An M, Lo KV, J. Environ. Sci. and Heal. A, 36, 819 (2001)
Chiu YC, Lee LL, Chang CN, Chao AC, Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 59, 1 (2007)
Peng YZ, Zhu GB, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 73(1), 15 (2006)
Hsia TH, Feng YJ, Ho CM, Chou WP, Tseng SK, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biot., 35, 721 (2008)
Cho KS, Park KJ, Jeong HD, Nam SW, Lee SJ, Park TJ, Kim JK, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 16, 414 (2006)
Foot RJ, Robinson MS, Academic Press (2003)
Leenen EJTM, Dos Santos VAP, Grolle KCF, Tramper J, Wijffels R, Water Res., 30, 2985 (1996)
Chen KC, Chen SJ, Houng JY, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 18(7), 502 (1996)
Ke B, Xu Z, Ling Y, Qiu W, Xu Y, Higa T, Aruoma OI, Biomed & Pharmacother, 63, 114 (2009)
Higa T, Parr JF, Beneficial and effective microorganisms for a sustainable agriculture and environment, International Nature Farming Research Center, 1 (1994)
Szymanski N, Patterson RA, Effective microorganisms (em) and wsatewater systems, Future Directions for On-site Systems: Best Management Practice, Patterson, RAaJ, MJ, ed., Lanfax Laboratories Armidale, University of New England, Armidale, Australia, 347 (2003)
Jeong B, Korea Patent 10-0519322 (2005)
Kim DS, Jung NS, Park YS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 25(4), 793 (2008)
Lee KH, Lee JH, Park TJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 15(1), 9 (1998)
Muscat A, Pruβe U, Vorlop KD, Immobilized cells: Basics and applications stable support materials for the immobilization of viable cells, Elsevier (1996)
Carrera J, Vicent T, Lafuente J, Process Biochem., 39, 2035 (2004)
Coelho MAZ, Russo C, Araujo OQF, Wateer Res., 34, 2809 (2000)
Lim BS, Choi BC, Yu SW, Lee CG, Desalination, 202(1-3), 77 (2007)
Kishida N, Kim J, Tsuneda S, Sudo R, Water Res., 40, 2303 (2006)
Krouwel PG, Immobilized cells for solvent production, Delft University (1982)

[Referenced By]

[1] Smith VH, Schindler DW, Trends Ecol. Evol., 24, 201 (2009)

[2] Khin T, Annachhatre AP, Biotechnol. Adv., 22, 519 (2004)

[3] An M, Lo KV, J. Environ. Sci. and Heal. A, 36, 819 (2001)

[4] Chiu YC, Lee LL, Chang CN, Chao AC, Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 59, 1 (2007)

[5] Peng YZ, Zhu GB, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 73(1), 15 (2006)

[6] Hsia TH, Feng YJ, Ho CM, Chou WP, Tseng SK, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biot., 35, 721 (2008)

[7] Cho KS, Park KJ, Jeong HD, Nam SW, Lee SJ, Park TJ, Kim JK, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 16, 414 (2006)

[8] Foot RJ, Robinson MS, Academic Press (2003)

[9] Leenen EJTM, Dos Santos VAP, Grolle KCF, Tramper J, Wijffels R, Water Res., 30, 2985 (1996)

[10] Chen KC, Chen SJ, Houng JY, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 18(7), 502 (1996)

[11] Ke B, Xu Z, Ling Y, Qiu W, Xu Y, Higa T, Aruoma OI, Biomed & Pharmacother, 63, 114 (2009)

[12] Higa T, Parr JF, Beneficial and effective microorganisms for a sustainable agriculture and environment, International Nature Farming Research Center, 1 (1994)

[13] Szymanski N, Patterson RA, Effective microorganisms (em) and wsatewater systems, Future Directions for On-site Systems: Best Management Practice, Patterson, RAaJ, MJ, ed., Lanfax Laboratories Armidale, University of New England, Armidale, Australia, 347 (2003)

[14] Jeong B, Korea Patent 10-0519322 (2005)

[15] Kim DS, Jung NS, Park YS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 25(4), 793 (2008)

[16] Lee KH, Lee JH, Park TJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 15(1), 9 (1998)

[17] Muscat A, Pruβe U, Vorlop KD, Immobilized cells: Basics and applications stable support materials for the immobilization of viable cells, Elsevier (1996)

[18] Carrera J, Vicent T, Lafuente J, Process Biochem., 39, 2035 (2004)

[19] Coelho MAZ, Russo C, Araujo OQF, Wateer Res., 34, 2809 (2000)

[20] Lim BS, Choi BC, Yu SW, Lee CG, Desalination, 202(1-3), 77 (2007)

[21] Kishida N, Kim J, Tsuneda S, Sudo R, Water Res., 40, 2303 (2006)

[22] Krouwel PG, Immobilized cells for solvent production, Delft University (1982)