Hierarchically organized vertical carbon nanotube arrays are produced by a hybrid approach combining plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with self-assembled block copolymer nanotemplates. The selective deposition of Fe.catalysts through a block copolymer nanotemplate yields ordered catalyst nanoparticles, as depicted in the figure. The growth of nanotubes from the highly uniform catalyst nanoparticles produces hierarchically organized vertical carbon nanotube arrays.