By using acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as the plasticizer of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and carbon black (CB) as conductive filler, electrically conductive polymer composites (CPC) with different CB and ATBC contents were prepared. FTIR revealed that the interaction existed between PLA/ATBC matrix and CB filler and ATBC could improve this interaction. The rheology showed that ATBC could obviously decrease the shear viscosity and improve the fluidity of the composites but just the reverse for CB. With the increasing of CB contents, the enforcement effect, storage modulus, and glass-transition temperature increased but the elongation at break decreased. PLA/ ATBC/CB composites exhibited the low electrical percolation thresholds of 0.516, 1.20, 2.46, and 2.74 vot % CB at 30, 20, 10, and 0 wt % ATBC. The conductivity of the composite containing 3.98 vol % CB and 30 wt % ATBC reached 1.60 S/cm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the addition of ATBC facilitated the dispersion of the CB in the PLA matrix. Water vapor permeability (WVP) showed that, at the same CB contents, the more ATBC contents there were, the less the values of WVP were.