In the present study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was successfully covalently immobilized on the surface of anatase TiO2 film by a three-step method, i.e. application of H3PO4 chemisorption to increase surface -OH, which increases the amount of coupling 3-aminopropyl-triethoxylsilane (APTES), thus linking with BSA by imide bond using EDC/NHS/MES. There is no significant -OH group increase on rutile film when using the same method of phosphoric acid treatment, which suggest it is difficult for further chemical modification of the rutile film. After covalent immobilization of BSA on anatase film, an improved hemocompatibility of anti-platelet adhesion and aggregation in vitro could be recognized by LDH and SEM analysis. This study suggests BSA-immobilized anatase surface can serve as hemocompatibility material in vivo. (C) 2007 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.