High-surface area and well-ordered mesoporous Cr-incorporated SBA-15 (Cr-SBA-15) and SBA-15-supported chromia (CrOx/SBA-15) with Cr surface density =0.05-1.11 Cr-atom/nm(2) have been prepared, respectively, using the one-step synthesis and incipient wetness impregnation method, and characterized by AAS, XRD, BET, ESEM, TEM, XPS, laser Raman, UV-Vis, FT-IR, and H-2-TPR. It is observed that the Cr-SBA-15 and CrQ(x)/SBA-15 samples showed an evolution of surface morphology from long chain-shaped to short rod-like and further to an irregularly spherical architecture at elevated Cr content, which might arise from the interaction of Cr ions or CrOx domains with SBA-15. There were co-presence of tetrahedrally coordinated mono- and poly-chromate (Cr6+) as well as octahedrally coordinated Cr3+ species in Cr-SBA-15 and CrOx/SBA-15, with the Cr6+ species being dominant at Cr surface density <= 0.22 Cr-atom/nm(2) in Cr-SBA-15 and Cr <= 0.54 Cr-atom/nm(2) in CrOx/SBA15, whereas the amount of the Cr3+ species increased markedly at Cr surface density >= 0.53 Cr-atom/nm(2) due to the formation of crystal Cr2O3 phase. Maximal Cr incorporation into Cr-SBA-15 and one monolayer surface CrOx coverage on CrOx/SBA-15 occurred at Cr surface density <0.53 Cr-atom/nm(2) and <1.11 Cr-atom/nm(2), respectively. The CrOx/SBA-15 samples exhibited better reducibility than the Cr-SBA-15 samples, with the best reducibility exhibited at Cr surface densities of 0.54 and 0.12 Cr-atom/mm(2), respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.