폴리카보네이트와 폴리프로필렌 고분자 블렌드의 물성 Ⅱ. 모폴리지 및 유변학

전용성; 이헌상; 정현철; 김우년; 현재천

Polymer(Korea), Vol.21, No.1, 55-63, January, 1997

Export Citation

폴리카보네이트와 폴리프로필렌 고분자 블렌드의 물성 Ⅱ. 모폴리지 및 유변학

Properties of Blends of Polycarbonate and Polypropylene Ⅱ.Morphology and Rheology

전용성, 이헌상, 정현철, 김우년, 현재천

초록

이축 압출기를 이용하여 폴리프로필렌 (PP) 및 여러 종류의 PP 공중합체와 폴리카고네이트(PC) 블렌드를 제조하였으며, lab-stretcher를 이용하여 PC-PP 블렌드의 이축 연신 필름을 제조하였다. 주사 전자 현미경을 이용하여 블렌드 필름 및 시편의 모폴로지를 관찰하였고, rheometrics mechanical spectrometer (RMS)를 이용하여 블렌드 시편의 유변학적인 성질을 관찰하였다. 사용된 PP 공중합체는 에틸렌-프로필렌 랜덤 공중합체와 에틸렌-프로필렌-부틸렌 공중합체였다. PC-PP 블렌드 이축 연신 필름의 흐림도는 PC의 무게 분율이 증가할수록 증가하였다. PC-PP 블렌드의 모폴로지 연구에서 두 상간의 상분리가 전 블렌드 조성에서 관찰되었으며, 두 상간의 상분리는 PP가 많이 포함된 조성보다 PC가 많이 포함된 조성에서 두드러졌다. RMS를 이용하여 PC-PP 블렌드의 유변학적 물성을 측정한 결과, 블렌드의 저장 탄성율은 낮은 진동수 영역에서 단순 혼합 법칙보다 큰 값이 관찰되었다. 이는 비상용성 고분자 블렌드에서 볼 수 있는 결과로 PP가 많이 포함된 조성과 PC가 많이 포함된 조성에서 emulsion model을 통해 계산한 값과 잘 일치하였다.

Morphology and rheological properties of biaxially oriented films and extrudates of the blends of polycarbonate (PC) with polypropylene (PP) homopolymer and PP copolymers prepared by twin screw extrusion and lab-stretcher have been investigated by scanning election microscopy and rheometrics mechanical spectrometer (RMS), respectively. Two different kinds of PP copolymers were used : (i) ethylene-propylene (EP) random copolymer; (ⅱ) ethylene-propylene-butylene one (EPB) terpolymer. The haze of biaxially oriented films of various PC-PP blends increases with increasing PC concentration. In the study of morphology of the blends of PC with PP or PP copolymers, phase separation between the PC-rich phase and the PP-rich phase is observed for all the blend systems. Also, it appears that the phase separation between the PC-rich phase and the PP-rich phase is more pronounced in the PC-rich compositions than in the PP-rich compositions of the PC-PP blends. In the RMS study of the PC-PP blends, the storage moduli of the PC-PP blends at low frequencies have larger value than those of the simple mixing rules. This result can be seen in the immiscible blend systems, and the increase of storage moduli in the PP-rich compositions and PC-rich compositions is consistent with the calculated result by using an emulsion model of dispersed blends.

Keywords:polycarbonate;polypropylene;blend;morphology;emulsion model

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[1] Paul DR, Newman S, "Polymer Blends," vol. 1, Academic Press, New York (1978)

[2] Cheng TW, Keskkula H, Paul DR, Polymer, 33, 1606 (1992)

[3] Callaghan TA, Takakuwa K, Paul DR, Polymer, 34, 3796 (1993)

[4] Suarez H, Barlow JW, Paul DR, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 3253 (1984)

[5] Nishimoto M, Keskkula H, Paul DR, Polymer, 32, 272 (1991)

[6] Kim WN, Burns CM, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 41, 1575 (1990)

[7] Kim WN, Burns CM, Macromolecules, 20, 1876 (1987)

[8] Kim WN, Park CE, Burns CM, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, 1003 (1993)

[9] Karger-Kocsis J, "Polypropylene," Vol. 1, Chap. 1, Chapman & Hall, London (1995)

[10] Cohen A, Schroeder R, J. Rheol., 34, 685 (1990)

[11] Petrovic ZS, Budinski-Simendic J, Divjakovic V, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42, 779 (1991)

[12] Germain Y, Ernst B, Genelot O, Dhamani L, J. Rheol., 38(3), 681 (1994)

[13] Holsti-Miettinen R, Seppala J, Ikkala OT, Polym. Eng. Sci., 32, 868 (1992)

[14] Liang Z, Williams HL, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 44, 699 (1992)

[15] Grof I, Sain MM, Durcova O, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 44, 1061 (1992)

[16] Kim WN, Hong SI, Choi JS, Lee KH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 54(11), 1741 (1994)

[17] Yu DW, Xanthos M, Gogos CG, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 52(1), 99 (1994)

[18] Maiti SN, Agarwal V, Gupta AK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 43, 1891 (1991)

[19] Gupta AK, Ratnam BK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42, 297 (1991)

[20] Gupta AK, Jain AK, Maiti SN, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 38, 1699 (1989)

[21] Gupta AK, Jain AK, Ratnam BK, Maiti SN, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 39, 515 (1990)

[22] Rudin A, Brathwaite NE, Polym. Eng. Sci., 24, 1312 (1984)

[23] Delgiudice L, U.S. Patent, 4,713,416 (1987)

[24] Takeaki M, Japan Patent, 63,215,714, A2 (1988)

[25] Favis BD, Willis JM, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 28, 2259 (1990)

[26] Favis BD, Chalifoux JP, Polymer, 29, 176 (1988)

[27] Favis BD, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 39, 285 (1990)

[28] Kupta AK, Srinivasan KR, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47, 167 (1993)

[29] Srinivasan KR, Gupta AK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 53(1), 1 (1994)

[30] Liang Z, Williams HL, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 43, 379 (1991)

[31] Simha R, Boyer RF, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 1003 (1962)

[32] Van Krevelen DW, "Properties of Polymers," 3rd Ed., Chap. 4, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1990)

[33] Graebling D, Muller R, J. Rheol., 34, 193 (1990)

[34] Brahimi BA, Ait-Kadi A, Ajji A, Jerome R, Fayt R, J. Rheol., 35, 1069 (1991)

[35] Kim WN, Denn MM, J. Rheol., 36, 1477 (1992)

[36] Wu S, "Polymer Interface and Adhesion," p. 102, Dekker, New York (1982)