The relationship between disinfection by-products formation and characteristics of natural organic matter in raw water

Chul-Woo Jung; Hee-Jong Son

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.25, No.4, 714-720, July, 2008

DOI10.1007/s11814-008-0117-z Export Citation

The relationship between disinfection by-products formation and characteristics of natural organic matter in raw water

Chul-Woo Jung^†, and Hee-Jong Son¹

Ulsan Regional Innovation Agency, Ulsan Industry Promotion Techno Park, 758-2, Yeonamdong, Buggu, Ulsan 638-804, Korea
¹Water Quality Research Institute, Busan Water Authority, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-813, Korea

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The influence of the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) on disinfection by-product formation was investigated for Maeri raw water, located in downstream of Nakdong river and Hoedong reservoir at Busan in Korea. The NOM was chlorinated and analyzed for trihalomethanes (THMs), 5 haloacetic acids (HAA-5) and total organic halide (TOX). Aromatic contents determined by specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA) correlated well with THMs, HAA-5 and TOX formation for the NOM in the Maeri raw water and Hoedong reservoir. Especially, THMFP/DOC showed better correlation with SUVA than HAAFP-5/DOC and TOXFP/DOC with SUVA. Chloroform formation showed good correlation with SUVA for Maeri raw water, but poor correlation with SUVA for the Hoedong raw water. In addition, TCAA formation potential showed good correlation with SUVA for both raw waters. In contrast, a lack of correlation was observed for DCAA formation for both raw waters. THM formation per unit DOC concentration was 70.2-81.1% and 18.9-29.8% for hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic matter in the Maeri raw water, respectively, in which the hydrophobic organic matter had much higher THM formation. In contrast, HAA-5 formation per unit DOC concentration varied seasonally for Maeri raw water. THM formation in the Maeri raw water had a good correlations with SUVA regardless of the ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fraction, and THM formation per unit DOC concentration was higher for the order of humic acid>fulvic acid>hydrophilic organic matter. HAA-5 formation per unit DOC concentration for the hydrophilic organic matter was about 30 μg per mg DOC regardless of SUVA values, but HAA-5 formation per unit DOC concentration for the hydrophobic organic matter was proportionally increased with increasing SUVA values. However, the HAA-5 formation per mg DOC was the highest for the hydrophilic organic matter.

Keywords:NOM;SUVA;Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic;DBPs;THMs;HAAs;TOX

[References]

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White MC, Thompson JD, Harrington GW, Singer PC, J. AWWA, 89, 64 (1997)
Zou H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Biomed Environ. Sci., 17, 299 (2004)
Rook JJ, Water Treat. Exam., 23, 234 (1974)
Craun GF, Bull RJ, Clark RM, Doull J, Grabow W, Marsh GM, Okun DA, Regli S, Sobsey MD, Symons JM, Water Supply: Research & Technology-Aqua, 43, 192 (2001)
Lu W, Xiao-jian Z, Biomed Environ Sci., 18(1), 37 (2005)
Krasner SW, Chemistry of disinfection by-product formation, Singer, P. C. Ed., American Water Works Association, Denver (1999)
Lee KJ, Kim BH, Hong JE, Pyo HS, Park SJ, Lee DW, Water Res., 35, 2861 (2001)
Amy GL, Debroux J, Sinha S, Brandhuber P, Cho J, Occurrence of disinfection by-products precursors in source water and DBPs in finished waters, Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Drinking Water Quality Management and Treatment Technology (1986)
Muller U, Water Supply, 16, 121 (1998)
Chang CY, Hsieh UH, Lin YM, Hu PY, Liu CC, Wang KH, Chemosphere, 44, 1153 (2001)
Martin B, Croue JP, Lefebvre E, Legube B, Water Res., 31, 541 (1997)
Pelekani C, Newcombe G, Snoeyink VL, Hepplewhite C, Assemi S, Beckett R, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 2807 (1999)
Nissinen TK, Miettinen IT, Martikainen PJ, Vartiainen T, Chemosphere, 45, 865 (2001)
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Goslan EH, Fearing DA, Banks J, Wilson D, Hills P, Campbell AT, Parsons SA, Water Supply: Research & Technology-Aqua, 51, 475 (2002)
Singer PC, Water Sci. Technol., 40, 25 (1999)
Krasner SW, Croue JP, Buffle J, Perdue EM, J.AWWA, 88, 66 (1996)
Son HJ, Roh JS, Park EJ, Hwang YD, Sin PS, Kang LS, Joo GJ, J. Korean Society of Environ. Eng., 24, 2075 (2002)
Barker DJ, Stuckey DC, Water Res., 33, 3063 (1999)
Link J, Gilbert E, Eberle SH, Vom Wasser, 72, 349 (1989)
Thurman EM, Malcolm RL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15, 463 (1981)
U.S.EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Method 552.2., Cincinnati, Ohio (1995)
Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Greenberg, A. E., Eds American Water Works Association, 19th Edition (1995)
Croue JP, Violleau D, Labouyrie L, Disinfection by-product formation potentials of hydrophobic and hydrophilic natural organic matter fractions, Barrett, S. E., Krasner, S.W., Amy, G. L. Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (2000)
Reckhow DA, Singer PC, Malcolm RL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1655 (1990)
Malcolm RL, MacCarthy P, Envir. Intl., 18, 597 (1992)
Yeh HH, Huang W, Water Sci. Technol., 27, 71 (1993)
Reckhow DA, Tobiason JE, Pouvesle W, McClellan JN, Edzwald JK, Evolution of natural organic matter through a drinking water distribution system, Natural Organic Matter Workshop (1994)
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Chang CN, Ma YS, Fang GC, Zing FF, Water Supply: Research & Technology-Aqua, 49, 269 (2000)
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Croue JP, Lefebvre E, Martin B, Legube B, Water Sci. Technol., 27, 143 (1993)

[Referenced By]

[1] LeChevallier MW, Schulz W, Lee RG, Environ. Microbiol., 57, 857 (1991)

[2] White MC, Thompson JD, Harrington GW, Singer PC, J. AWWA, 89, 64 (1997)

[3] Zou H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Biomed Environ. Sci., 17, 299 (2004)

[4] Rook JJ, Water Treat. Exam., 23, 234 (1974)

[5] Craun GF, Bull RJ, Clark RM, Doull J, Grabow W, Marsh GM, Okun DA, Regli S, Sobsey MD, Symons JM, Water Supply: Research & Technology-Aqua, 43, 192 (2001)

[6] Lu W, Xiao-jian Z, Biomed Environ Sci., 18(1), 37 (2005)

[7] Krasner SW, Chemistry of disinfection by-product formation, Singer, P. C. Ed., American Water Works Association, Denver (1999)

[8] Lee KJ, Kim BH, Hong JE, Pyo HS, Park SJ, Lee DW, Water Res., 35, 2861 (2001)

[9] Amy GL, Debroux J, Sinha S, Brandhuber P, Cho J, Occurrence of disinfection by-products precursors in source water and DBPs in finished waters, Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Drinking Water Quality Management and Treatment Technology (1986)

[10] Muller U, Water Supply, 16, 121 (1998)

[11] Chang CY, Hsieh UH, Lin YM, Hu PY, Liu CC, Wang KH, Chemosphere, 44, 1153 (2001)

[12] Martin B, Croue JP, Lefebvre E, Legube B, Water Res., 31, 541 (1997)

[13] Pelekani C, Newcombe G, Snoeyink VL, Hepplewhite C, Assemi S, Beckett R, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 2807 (1999)

[14] Nissinen TK, Miettinen IT, Martikainen PJ, Vartiainen T, Chemosphere, 45, 865 (2001)

[15] Owen DM, Brennan WJ, Chowdhury ZK, Practical implications of enhanced coagulation, Proceedings of AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, Miami (1993)

[16] Croue JP, Debroux JF, Amy GL, Aiken GR, Leenheer JA, Natural organic matter: Structural characteristics and reactive properties, Singer, P. C. Ed., Water. American Water Works Association, Denver (1999)

[17] Goslan EH, Fearing DA, Banks J, Wilson D, Hills P, Campbell AT, Parsons SA, Water Supply: Research & Technology-Aqua, 51, 475 (2002)

[18] Singer PC, Water Sci. Technol., 40, 25 (1999)

[19] Krasner SW, Croue JP, Buffle J, Perdue EM, J.AWWA, 88, 66 (1996)

[20] Son HJ, Roh JS, Park EJ, Hwang YD, Sin PS, Kang LS, Joo GJ, J. Korean Society of Environ. Eng., 24, 2075 (2002)

[21] Barker DJ, Stuckey DC, Water Res., 33, 3063 (1999)

[22] Link J, Gilbert E, Eberle SH, Vom Wasser, 72, 349 (1989)

[23] Thurman EM, Malcolm RL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15, 463 (1981)

[24] U.S.EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Method 552.2., Cincinnati, Ohio (1995)

[25] Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Greenberg, A. E., Eds American Water Works Association, 19th Edition (1995)

[26] Croue JP, Violleau D, Labouyrie L, Disinfection by-product formation potentials of hydrophobic and hydrophilic natural organic matter fractions, Barrett, S. E., Krasner, S.W., Amy, G. L. Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (2000)

[27] Reckhow DA, Singer PC, Malcolm RL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1655 (1990)

[28] Malcolm RL, MacCarthy P, Envir. Intl., 18, 597 (1992)

[29] Yeh HH, Huang W, Water Sci. Technol., 27, 71 (1993)

[30] Reckhow DA, Tobiason JE, Pouvesle W, McClellan JN, Edzwald JK, Evolution of natural organic matter through a drinking water distribution system, Natural Organic Matter Workshop (1994)

[31] Agbekodo KM, Huck PM, Andrews SA, Peidzsus S, Influence of treated pulp mill effluent characteristics on DBP formation in downstream during water treatment plants, In: Proceedings of Natural Organic Matters Conference, France, 421 (1996)

[32] Xu X, Zou H, Zhang J, Water Res., 31, 1021 (1997)

[33] Chang CN, Ma YS, Fang GC, Zing FF, Water Supply: Research & Technology-Aqua, 49, 269 (2000)

[34] Weishaar JL, Aiken GR, Bergamaschi BA, Fram MA, Fujii R, Mopper K, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4702 (2003)

[35] Croue JP, Lefebvre E, Martin B, Legube B, Water Sci. Technol., 27, 143 (1993)