화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.14, No.2, 145-156, March, 2008
DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2007.10.001  Export Citation
Permeable reactive barrier for groundwater remediation
R. Thiruvenkatachari, S. Vigneswaran†, and R. Naidu1
  • Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
  • 1CRC CARE, University of South Australia, Australia
E-mail:
This article aims to provide an overview of the upcoming technology of permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation. A comprehensive list of references and web-links are also provided for further in-depth understanding. A brief discussion on the Australian perspective on this emerging technology is also included. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.
Keywords:permeable reactive barriers;groundwater;remediation;pollution
  1. UK Environmental Agency, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ (2005)
  2. Foster SSD, in: O. Sililo (Ed.), Groundwater-Past Achievements and Future Challenges, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2000, p. 27
  3. UNEP, Groundwater and its susceptibility to degradation: a global assessment of the problem and options for management, early warning and assessment report series, UNEP/DEWA/RS. 03-3, joint publication from United Nations Environment Programme, Department for International Development and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (2003)
  4. Land and Water Australia, Australian Water Resource Assessment 2000. Surface Water and Groundwater . Availability and Quality, Land and Water Resource Audit, Commonwealth of Australia (2001)
  5. Australia State of Environment Report, Inland Waters, Commonwealth of Australia (2001)
  6. Water and Rivers Commission, Water Facts, Department of Western Australia (1998)
  7. Ministry of Land and Water Conservation, The NSW State Government Policy Framework Document, NSW Government, Australia (1997)
  8. Bedient PB, Rifai HS, Newell CJ, Groundwater Contamination: Transport and Remediation, PTR Prentice Hall, Inc., USA (1994)
  9. USEPA, Evaluation of Groundwater Extraction Remedies, vols. 1 and 2, EPA Office of Emergency and Remedial Responses, Washington, DC (1989)
  10. USEPA, Evaluation of Groundwater Extraction Remedies: Phase II, vol. 1, Summary Report, Publication 9355.4-05, EPA Office of Emergency and Remedial Responses, Washington, DC (1992)
  11. National Research Council (NRC), Alternatives for Groundwater Cleanup, National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1994)
  12. NRC, Contaminants in the Subsurface: Source Zone Assessment and Remediation, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA (2005)
  13. Ball J, InlandWaters-Theme Report, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report), CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Commonwealth of Australia, Website: http://www.deh.gov.au/soe/2001/inland/ (2001)
  14. SKM, Impact of Logging Practices on Water Yield and Quality in the Otway Forests, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Australia (2000)
  15. LWRRDC, Contamination of Australian Groundwater Systems with Nitrate, Occasional Paper No. 03/99, Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation, Canberra (1999)
  16. NHMRC/ARMCANZ, Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, National Health and Medical Research Council & Agricultural and Resource Management, Council of Australia and New Zealand, Canberra (1996)
  17. Schofield NJ, Simpson BW, Aust. J. Water Resour., 1(2), 91 (1996)
  18. Roehl KE, Meggyes T, Simon FG, Stewart DI, Long-term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers, Elsevier Publishers (2005)
  19. Xenidis A, Moirou A, Paspaliaris I, J. Miner. Wealth, 123, 35 (2002)
  20. Gavaskar AR, Gupta N, Sass BM, Janosy RJ, O’Sullivan D, Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation: Design, Construction, and Monitoring, Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio (1998)
  21. Vidic RD, Permeable Reactive Barriers: Case Study Review, Technology Evaluation Report TE01-01, Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (2001)
  22. Vidic RD, Pohland FG, Treatment wells, Technology Evaluation Report TE 96-01. GWRTAC, Pittsburg, USA (1996)
  23. Gavaskar AR, J. Hazard. Mater., 68, 41 (1999)
  24. Meggyes T, Simon FG, J. Land Contam. Remediat., 8(3), 1 (2000)
  25. Golder Associates Ltd., Active Containment: Combined Treatment and Contaminant Systems, Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, ISBN 1851121145, London (1998)
  26. ITRC, Permeable Reactive Barriers: Lessons Learned/New Directions. Technical/Regulatory Guidelines, ITRC, Washington, DC (2005)
  27. Simon FG, Tunnermeier T, Meggyes T, in: G. Prokop (Ed.), Proceedings 1st IMAGE-TRAIN Cluster Meeting, Karlsruhe, November 7.9, 2001, (2002), p. 145, Vienna (Umweltbundesamt)
  28. PEREBAR, 5th Framework Programme Research and Technology Development Project on Long-term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers Used for the Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater. PEREBAR EVK1-CT-1999-00035, National Technical University of Athens, Greece (2002)
  29. USEPA, Permeable reactive barrier technologies for contaminant remediation, Report number EPA/600/R-98/125, Washington, DC (1998)
  30. Tratnyek PG, Scherer MM, Johnson TL, Matheson LJ, in: M.A. Tarr (Ed.), Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Pollutants: Environmental and Industrial Application, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2003, p. 371
  31. Scherer MM, Richter S, Valentine RL, Alvarez PJJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30(3), 363 (2000)
  32. Han I, Schlautman MA, Batchelor B, Water Environ. Res., 72(1), 29 (2000)
  33. Benner SG, Blowes DW, Gould WD, Herbert RB, Ptacek CJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 2793 (1999)
  34. Hedin RS, Watlaf GR, in: Proceedings, International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acid Drainage, 1, Pittsburg, Pensylvania, (1994), p. 184
  35. Admassu W, Breese T, J. Hazard. Mater., B69, 187 (1999)
  36. Fuhrman M, Aloysius D, Zhou H, J.Waste Manage., 15(7), 485 (1995)
  37. Misaelides P, Godelitsas A, Filippidis D, Charistos D, Anousis I, Sci. Total Environ., 173/174, 237 (1995)
  38. Huttenlock P, Roehl KE, Czurda K, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4260 (2001)
  39. Ake CL, Mayura K, Huebner H, Bratton GR, Phillips TD, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A, 63, 459 (2001)
  40. Baker MJ, Blowes DW, Ptacek CJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2308 (1998)
  41. Wilson R, Mackay DM, Scow KM, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(2), 190 (2002)
  42. Abdelouas A, Lutze W, Gong W, Nuttall EH, Strietelmeier BA, Travis BJ, Sci. Total Envrion., 250(1-3), 21 (2000)
  43. ITRC, A Systematic Approach to In situ Bioremediation in Groundwater, Including Decision Tree on In situ Bioremediation for Nitrates, Carbon Tetrachloride, and Perchlorate, ITRC, USA (2002)
  44. USEPA, Engineered Approaches to In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents: Fundamentals and Field Applications. EPA 542-R-00-008, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Technology Innovation Office, USEPA, Washington, DC (2000)
  45. Caruso F, Trau D, Mohwald H, Renneberg R, Langmuir, 16, 1485 (2000)
  46. PEREBAR, 5th Framework Programme Research and Technology Project on Long-term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers Used for the Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater, University of Leeds, UK (2003)
  47. Shimotori T, Nuxoll E, Cussler E, Arnold WA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2264 (2004)
  48. Sacre JA, Treatment Walls: A Status Update, Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center, TP-97-02, Pitsburg, PA, Homepage: http://www.gwrtac.org (1997)
  49. USEPA, Fiels Applications of In situ Remediation Technologies: Permeable Reactive Barriers, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation Office, Washington, DC (2002)
  50. Agarwal A, Tratnyek PG, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30(1), 153 (1996)
  51. Matheson LJ, Tratnyek PG, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 2045 (1994)
  52. Gillham RW, O’Hannesin SF, Ground Water, 32(6), 958 (1994)
  53. Johnson TL, Scherer MM, Tratnyek PG, Environ. Sci. Technol, 30(8), 2634 (1996)
  54. Burris DR, Campbell TJ, Manoranjan VS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(11), 2850 (1995)
  55. Holser RA, McCutcheon SC, Wolfe NL, in: Mass Transfer Effect on the Dehalogenation of Trichloroethene by Iron/pyrite Mixtures. Extended Abstracts from the 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA 35(1) p. 788, Division of Environmental Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1995)
  56. Cantrell KJ, Kaplan DI, Gilmore TJ, J. Environ. Eng., 123(8), 786 (1997)
  57. Kaplan DI, Cantrell KJ, Wietsma TW, Potter MA, J. Environ. Qual., 25, 1086 (1996)
  58. Lien HL, Zhang WX, J. Environ. Eng., 125(11), 1042 (1999)
  59. Joo SH, Et AL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2242 (2004)
  60. Wang CB, Zhang WX, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31(7), 2154 (1997)
  61. Quinn J, Et AL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1309 (2005)
  62. Muftikian R, Fernando Q, Korte N, Water Res., 29, 2434 (1995)
  63. Korte NE, Liang L, Clausen J, Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management VII, Extended Abstract for the Special Symposium, Atlanta, GA, (1995), p. 45
  64. Appleton EL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30(12), 536A (1996)
  65. Sivavec TM, Horney DP, in: Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes by Iron Metal. Presented at the 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 2-6 (1995)
  66. Ott N, Permeable Reactive Barriers for Inorganics, USEPA,Washington, DC, Report obtained from website http://www.clu-in.org (2000)
  67. Geiger CL, Clausen CA, Reinhart DR, Ruiz N, Farrell K, Sonawane AS, Using Ultrasound for Restoring Iron Activity in Permeable Treatment Walls. 221st National Meeting, American Chemical Society. San Diego, CA, 2001, p. 1167 (Preprint Extended Abstracts, Division of Environmental Chemistry 41, No. 1)
  68. Wilkin RT, Puls RW, Sewell GW, Long-term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers Using Zero-valent Iron: An evaluation at Two Sites, Environmental Research Brief, EPA/600/S-02/001 (2002)
  69. Atlas RM, Bartha R, Microbial Ecology, third ed., Benjamin Cummings, New York (1993)
  70. Ritter K, Odziemkowski MS, Gillham RW, J. Contam. Hydrol., 55, 87 (2002)
  71. Kohn T, Kane SR, Fairbrother DH, Roberts AL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(24), 5806 (2003)
  72. Parkin GF, Alvarez PJ, Scherer MM, Schnoor JL, Role of Microbes in Remediation with Fe0 Reactive Barriers, Ground Water Currents USEPA 542-N-00-002 issue no. 35, p. 2, website http://www.clu-in. org/products/newsltrs/gwc/gwc0300.htm (2000)
  73. Till BA, Weathers LJ, Alvarez PJJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(5), 634 (1998)
  74. ARS Technologies Inc., http://www.arstechnologies.com/, Website visited January 2005 (2005)
  75. Oh BT, Just CL, Alvarez PJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4341 (2001)
  76. Waybrant KR, Ptacek CJ, Blowes DW, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1349 (2002)
  77. Wrenn B, Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination through Biological Interaction with Zero-valent Iron, Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable Meeting, Arlington, Virginia, USA, Website: http://www.frtr.gov/pdf/meetings/summary_09jun04.pdf (2004)
  78. Corapcioglu MO, Huang CP, Carbon, 25, 569 (1987)
  79. Leglize P, Bacteria-phenanthrene-activated Carbon Interactions Studies for PRB Process Evaluation, Dissertaion, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Nancy, France, ADEME, Research Programme Planning, Cedex, France, Website: http://www.ademe.fr/anglais/thesis/thesis04/vath201204.htm (2004)
  80. Schad H, Gratwohl P, in: H. Burmier (Ed.), Treatment Walls and Permeable Reactive Barriers, vol. 229, pp. 56065, NATO CCMS, Vienna (1998)
  81. Gottardi G, Galli E, Natural Zeolites, Springer, Berlin, 1985, p. 409
  82. Loizidou M, Townsend RP, Zeolites, 7(2), 153 (1987)
  83. Lepperd D, J. Mining Eng., (June Issue), 604 (1990)
  84. Robertson WD, Cherry JA, Ground Water, 33, 99 (1995)
  85. Hunter WJ, Follett RF, Cary JW, Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 40, 345 (1997)
  86. Benner SG, Blowes DW, Ptacek CJ, Groundwater Monit. Remediat, 17(4), 99 (1997)
  87. Robertson WD, Blowes DW, Ptacek CJ, Cherry JA, Ground Water, 38(5), 99 (2000)
  88. Vidic RD, Pohland FG, Treatment Wells, Technology Evaluation Report TE 96-01, GWRTAC, Pittsburg, USA (1996)
  89. Moore AM, De Leon CH, Young TM, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(14), 3189 (2003)
  90. Blowes DW, Ptacek CJ, Benner SG, McRae CWT, Bennett TA, Puls RW, J. Contam. Hydrol., 45, 123 (2000)
  91. Klausen J, Vikesland PJ, Kohn T, Burris DR, Ball WP, Roberts AL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 1208 (2003)
  92. Phillips DH, Gu B, Watson DB, Roh Y, Liang L, Lee SY, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 4169 (2000)
  93. Farrell J, Kason M, Melitas N, Li T, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 514 (2000)
  94. Schlicker O, Ebert M, Fruth M, Weidner M, Wust W, Dahmke A, Ground Water, 38(3), 403 (2000)
  95. Snape I, Morris CE, Cole CM, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 32(2-3), 157 (2001)
  96. Davis GB, Barber C, Power TR, Thierrin J, Patterson BM, Rayner JL, Wu Q, J. Contam. Hydrol., 36, 265 (1999)
  97. ITRC, Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs): Review of Emerging Characterization and Remedial Technologies. Technology Overview, ITRC Work Group DNAPLs/Chemical Oxidation Work Team, USA (2000)
  98. S. Fiorenza, C.L. Oubre, C.H. Ward, Sequenced Reactive Barriers for Groundwater Remediation, Lewis Publishers, New York, NY (2000)
  99. Kaszuba JP, Longmire P, Strietelmeier BA, Taylor TP, Counce D, den Baars PS, Cota T, Myers J, Johnson RS, Demonstration of a Multi-Layered Permeable Reactive Barrier in Mortandad Canyon at Los Alamos National Laboratory. LA-UR-03-7320. Los Alamos, N.M., Los Alamos National Laboratory (2003)
  100. Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), Technology Status Review In situ Oxidation, USA (1999)
  101. USEPA, A Citizen’s Guide to Chemical Oxidation, EPA 542-F-01-013, April 2001, Washington, DC (2001)
  102. Suthersan SS, Payne FC, In situ Remediation Engineering, CRC Press, USA (2005)
  103. ITRC, Technical and Regulatory In situ Chemical Oxidation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, Technical/Regulatory Guidelines, ITRC Work Group and In situ Chemical Oxidation Work Team, USA (2001)
  104. Tunnicliffe BS, Thomson NR, J. Contam. Hydrol., 75, 91 (2004)
  105. Mackinnon LK, Thomson NR, J. Contam. Hydrol., 56, 49 (2002)
  106. Schroth MH, Oostrom M, Wietsma TW, Istok JD, J. Contam. Hydrol., 50, 79 (2001)
  107. Moran BV, Babaian P, Young CP, Annual Conference on Contaminated Soils, University of Massachusetts (1998)
  108. Watts RJ, Haller DR, Jones AP, Teel AL, J. Hazard. Mater., 76(1), 73 (2000)
  109. Watts RJ, Stanton PC, Water Res., 33(6), 1405 (1999)
  110. Arnold SM, Hickey WJ, Harris RF, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(8), 2083 (1995)
  111. Mecozzi R, Palma LD, Merli C, Chemosphere, 62(9), 1481 (2006)
  112. Casero I, Sicilia D, Rubio S, Perez-Bendito D, Water Res., 31(8), 1985 (1997)
  113. Lunar L, Sicilia D, Rubio S, Perez-Bendito D, Nickel U, Water Res., 34(6), 1791 (2000)
  114. Kao CM, Wu MJ, J. Hazard. Mater., 74(3), 197 (2000)
  115. Yeh CKJ, Kao YA, Cheng CP, Chemosphere, 46(1), 67 (2002)
  116. Liang C, Bruell CJ, Marley MC, Sperry KL, Chemosphere, 55 (2004)
  117. USEPA, NATO/CCMS Pilot Study, Evaluation of Demonstrated and Emerging Technologies for the Treatment of Contaminated Land and Groundwater (Phase III), 1998 Special Session, Treatment Walls and Permeable Reactive Barriers, Number 229, EPA 542-R-98-003, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Vienna, Austria (1998)
  118. Lim HN, Choi H, Hwang TM, Kwang JW, Water Res., 36, 219 (2002)
  119. Zeng Y, Hong PKA, Wavrek DA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 854 (2000)
  120. Goi A, Kulik N, Trapido M, Chemosphere, 63(10), 1754 (2006)
  121. Johnston CD, Rayner JL, Patterson BM, Davis GB, J. Contam. Hydrol., 33, 377 (1998)
  122. Guerin TF, Horner S, McGovern T, Davey B, Water Res., 36, 15 (2002)
  123. Cohen AD, Rollings MS, Zunic WM, Durig JD, Water Resour. Res., 25(9), 1047 (1991)
  124. Naidu R, Kookana RS, Oliver DP, Rogers S, Mclaughlin MJ, Contaminants and the soil environment in the Australian-Pacific Regions. Proceedings of the Australasia-Pacific conference on contaminants and soil environment in the Australasia-Pacific regions, held in Adelaide, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Australia, 18-23 (1996)
  125. Duran JM, Vogan J, Stening JR, Reactive Barrier Performance in a Complex Contaminated and Geochemical Environment. II International Conference on Remediation of Recalcitrant Compounds, Montery, CA, Columbus, May 22-25 (2000)
  126. Patterson BM, Grassi ME, Robertson BS, Davis GB, Smith AJ, Mckinley AJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 6846 (2004)
  127. Schipper LA, Vojvodic-Vukovic M, Water Res., 35(14), 3473 (2001)
  128. Patterson BM, Franzmann PD, Davis GB, Elbers J, Zappia LR, J. Contam. Hydrol., 54, 195 (2002)