Due to the strong tendency of nanoparticles such as metal oxides to agglomerate, homogeneous dispersion of these materials in a polymeric matrix is extremely challenging. In order to overcome this problem and to enhance the filler-polymer interaction, this study focused on living polymerization that was initialized from the surface of titania nanofillers. A new rnethod for synthesizing TiO2/Polymer nanocomposites was found with a good dispersion of the nanofillers by using the bifunctional RAFT agent, 2-{[(butylsulfanyl)carbonothioyl]sulfanyl}propanoic acid). This RAFT agent has an available carboxyl group to anchor onto TiO2 nanoparticles, and an S = C(SC4H9) moiety for subsequent RAFT polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) to form n-TiO2/PAA nanocomposites. The functionalization of n-TiO2 was determined by FTIR and partitioning studies, the livingness of the polymerization was verified using GPC and NMR, while the dispersion of the inorganic filler in the polymer was studied using electron microscopy, FTIR and thermal analysis. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.