N-15-labeling of di- and tripeptides reveals that electron capture to doubly protonated peptides results almost exclusively in ammonia loss from the N-terminal end, which clearly shows that a significant fraction of electron capture occurs at this end. In accordance with this finding, the competing channel of N-C-alpha bond breakage leads to z(+center dot) ions and neutral c fragments after electron capture to small dications. In larger peptides that live long enough for internal proton exchanges to occur, c(+) ions are also formed and in some cases in dominant yield. Attachment of one or two crown ethers to ammonium groups is likely to reduce the probability of proton transfer, which enhances the formation of z(+center dot) relative to c(+). The total yield of z(+center dot) and c(+) is, however, more or less unchanged, which indicates that proton transfer or hydrogen transfer from a NH3 group to the amide group is not required for the N-C-alpha bond breakage.