The purpose of this article is to present the main guidelines for the reorganization of the Russian hydrocarbon industry, Specifically, it focuses on the economic conditions concerning the constitution of Russian oil companies in an uncertain environment, In Russia, one of the main problems is to create autonomous energy enterprises. The main conclusion is that up to now the reorganization has been essentially juridical, connected with the constitution of joint stock companies, From an economic point of view, the organizational model behind these joint stock companies is not very well defined and lacks clearly defined coordination mechanisms.