Technology for the reforming of heavy hydrocarbons, such as diesel, to supply hydrogen for fuel cell applications is very attractive and challenging due to its delicate control requirements. The slow reforming kinetics of aromatics contained in diesel, sulfur poisoning, and severe carbon deposition make it difficult to obtain long-term performance with high reforming efficiency. In addition, diesel has a critical mixing problem due to its high boiling point, which results in a fluctuation of reforming efficiency. An ultrasonic injector (UI) have been devised for effective diesel delivery. The UI can atomize diesel into droplets (similar to 40 mu m) by using a piezoelectric transducer and consumes much less power than a heating-type vapourizer. In addition, reforming efficiencies increase by as much as 20% compared with a non-Ul reformer under the same operation conditions. Therefore, it appears that effective fuel delivery is linked to the reforming kinetics on the catalyst surface. A 100-W-e, self-sustaining, diesel autothermal reformer using the Ul is designed. In addition, the deactivation process of the catalyst, by carbon deposition, is investigated in detail. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.