Thermoluminescence of X-ray-irradiated CdS-doped glasses has been measured, and relation between thermoluminescence and induced absorption in the X-rayirradiated CdS-doped glasses has been investigated. The effect of thermal annealing and the X-ray energy dependence of thermoluminescence is different from that on the induced absorption. Therefore, defects, which are responsible for thermoluminescence, are considered to be different from those responsible for the induced absorption.