Effect of co-substrate on anaerobic slurry phase bioremediation of TNT-contaminated soil

Byung-Hoon In; Joon-Seok Park; Wan Namkoong; Eui-Young Hwang; Joung-Dae Kim

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.25, No.1, 102-107, January, 2008

DOI10.1007/s11814-008-0018-1 Export Citation

Effect of co-substrate on anaerobic slurry phase bioremediation of TNT-contaminated soil

Byung-Hoon In, Joon-Seok Park^{1, †}, Wan Namkoong², Eui-Young Hwang³, and Joung-Dae Kim⁴

Department of Soil and Groundwater, Environmental Management Corporation, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 404-708, Korea
¹Department of Environmental Disaster Prevention Engineering, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do 245-711, Korea
²Konkuk University Innovative Environmental Technology Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
³Environment Department, Byucksan Engineering Co. Ltd., Seoul 150-010, Korea
⁴Department of Health and Environment, Hallym College, Kangwon-do 200-711, Korea

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Molasses and starch were used to estimate the effect of co-substrate on anaerobic slurry phase bioremediation of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene)-contaminated soil. Degradation efficiency of TNT in molasses and starch addition was approximately 97% and 87%, which is 50-60% higher than 38% without co-substrate addition. Molasses and starch addition enhanced TNT degradation. It was proved that the TNT degradation was a mainly biological process from the result of an abiotic control experiment. In case of molasses addition, overall first order degradation rate was 0.0161/day indicating the most active TNT degradation. The first order degradation rates (k1=0.0056 for molasses, k1=0.0033/day for starch) before 60 days were slower than those thereafter (k2=0.0237 for molasses, k2=0.0136/day for starch). Lower degradation rate in early stage might be due to adaptation of native soil microorganisms.

Keywords:TNT;Anaerobic Slurry Phase Bioremediation;Co-substrate

[References]

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[2] Urbanski T, Chemistry and technology of explosives, Vol .4. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1983)

[3] Sunahara GI, Dodard S, Sarrazin M, Paquet L, Hawari J, Greer CW, Ampleman G, Thiboutot S, Renoux AY, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 43, 138 (1999)

[4] Costa V, Boopathy R, Manning J, Bioresour. Technol., 56(2-3), 273 (1996)

[5] Adrian NR, Arnett CM, Chemosphere, 66, 1849 (2007)

[6] Schmelling DC, Gray KA, Kamat PV, Water Res., 31, 1439 (1997)

[7] Woo SH, Jeon CO, Park JM, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 21(2), 412 (2004)

[8] USEPA, Bioremediation of hazardous wastes research, development, and field evaluations, EPA/540/R-95/532 (1995)

[9] Guiot SR, Shen CF, Paquet L, Jerome B, Hawari J, Thiboutot S, Ampleman G, Bioremediation of nitroaromatic and haloaromatic compounds, Vol. 7, Alleman, B. C. and Leeson, A., Eds. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH (1999)

[10] McCormick NG, Cornell JH, Kaplan AM, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35, 945 (1978)

[11] Kaplan DL, Kaplan AM, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 44, 757 (1982)

[12] McCormick NG, Feeherry FE, Levinson HS, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 31, 949 (1976)

[13] Bradley PM, Chapelle FH, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 802 (1995)

[14] Bruns-Nagel D, Breitung J, Von Low E, Steinbach K, Gorontzy T, Kahl M, Blotevogel KH, Gemsa D, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 2651 (1996)

[15] Fiorella PD, Spain JC, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 2007 (1997)

[16] Nyer EK, Fam S, Kidd DF, Johns FJ, Palmer PL, Boettcher G, Crossman TL, Suthersan SS, In situ treatment technology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, NY (1996)

[17] Osmon JL, Klausmeier RE, Develop. Ind. Microbiol., 14, 247 (1972)

[18] Eweis JB, Ergas SJ, Chang DPY, Schroeder, Bioremediation principles, McGraw Hill Inc. (1998)

[19] Park C, Kim TH, Kim S, Kim SW, Lee J, Kim SH, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 95(6), 567 (2003)

[20] USEPA, Method 8330A: Nitroaromatics and nitroamines by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW846 Revision 1, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC (1998)

[21] USEPA, J.R.Simplot ex-situ anaerobic bioremediation technology: TNT, SITE Technology Capsule, EPA540/R/95/529a (1995)

[22] Hungate RE, Methods in microbiology, Norris, J. R. and Ribbons, R.W, Ed. Academic Press, NY (1969)

[23] Fuller ME, Manning JF, Bioresour. Technol., 91(2), 123 (2004)

[24] Robertson BK, Jjemba PK, Chemosphere, 58, 263 (2005)

[25] Boopathy R, Soil & Sed. Contami., 25, 495 (2001)

[26] Boopathy R, J. Hazard. Mater., 92(1), 103 (2002)

[27] Comfort SD, Shea PJ, Hundal LS, Li Z, Woodbury BL, Martin JL, Powers WL, J. Environ. Qual., 24, 1174 (1995)

[28] Thorne PG, Leggett DC, Investigations of explosives and their conjugated transformation products in biotreatment matrices, CRREL Special Report 99-3 (1999)

[29] Dubois C, Ampleman G, Thiboutot S, Greer CW, Hawari J, Sunahara G, Bioremediation of RDX-contaminated soil: A preliminary field trial, Air & Waste Manage. Associ. 90th Annu. Meeting & Exhibi., 97-WP101.07 (1997)

[30] Loehr RC, Land disposal of hazardous wastes, hazardous waste management engineering, E. J. Martin and J. H. Johnson, Eds. Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY (1987)