Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) is a multi-functional protein of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Due to its low abundance in EBV-transformed cells, overproduction in a foreign host is preferred to obtain purified EBNA-1 protein. The EBNA-1 gene possesses a large number of Escherichia coli rare codons (23%). By using E. coli BL21(DE3)Rosetta2 cells that augment the low-abundance tRNA genes, the expression level of EBNA-1 in E. coli was greatly enhanced. EBNA-1 was then purified by applying the whole cell extract soluble fraction to a Ni-NTA Superflow column and eluting with an imidazole gradient. The improved overexpression in E. coli followed by a one-step Ni-NTA purification resulted in a sufficient amount of pure EBNA-1 protein to test DNA binding activity, and prepare and test EBNA-1-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.