B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is an important regulator Of B Cell homeostasis. In BLyS-deficient mice, B cell development is severely perturbed. On the other hand mice transgenic Cor BLyS developed autoimmune disorders, such as increased germinal center formation, production of autoantibodies, and Ig deposition in kidneys. The overexpression of BLyS was found in some human autoimmune diseases. These findings Suggest that BLyS has a crucial role in the humoral immune response and may be a therapeutic target for some human Autoimmune diseases. TO construct and express the therapeutic vaccine BLyS, we coupled a foreign immunodominant T-helper epitope to the N terminus, of BLyS (named recombinant BLyS Mutant, rBLySM) and expressed rBLySM in Escherichia coli. We lime developed a purification process of rBLySM from inclusion bodies. A step-down urea concentration strategy was applied to the rBLySM renaturation Process. By this strategy, a stable yield of 4.5 mg purified rBLySM per gram of cell paste could be obtained. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.