Aims: The effects of medium-composition and fermentation parameters on the properties of mixed mesophilic starters were studied. The starter was composed of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (L. lactis), Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (L.cremoris), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lact. rhamnosus) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris (Leuc. cremoris). Methods and Results: The media used were reconstituted skim milk (RSM), and whey-based media with either citrate or phosphate buffers. The fermentation parameters were incubation temperature (22 degrees C or 32 degrees C), no pH control, and pH control in pH zones of either pH 6 center dot 0-5 center dot 8 or pH 6 center dot 0-5 center dot 2. The starter properties were strain ratio, specific acidifying activity (SAA), total population, residual carbohydrates and organic acids produced. The growth of L. lactis was favoured under pH control in whey-based media. High concentrations of Lact. rhamnosus were favoured in whey-based media prepared at 32 degrees C. The highest contents of Leuc. cremoris were obtained in starters prepared in RSM at 22 degrees C without pH control. Starters prepared under pH control gave the highest populations and made it possible for significantly lower inoculation rates (IR) to be used to carry out subsequent milk fermentations. However, the SAA of starters prepared under pH control were lower than the SAA of starters grown without any pH control. Conclusions: None of the conditions enabled the strain ratio at inoculation to be maintained. The data show that it is possible to prepare a mesophilic starter that has a significant probiotic Lact. rhamnosus content; this starter could be used in the preparation of probiotic-containing cheeses or in Leuc. cremoris for aroma production in fermented milks. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides data on what should be expected with respect to strain ratios and IR if cheesemakers decide to shift their aroma-producing starter production method from the traditional ' milk-based without pH control' method to whey-based media used with pH-zone control strategies.