ZnS:M2+ (M = Mn, Co, or Cu) single-crystal one-dimensional nanostructures have been prepared via a simple halide-transport chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD) process at a relatively low temperature. The obvious phase transition suggests that doping with Mn favors the formation of the hexagonal phase at a relative low temperature. The strong photoluminescence from blue to green and the yellow-orange emission, which was caused by the doping of various elements in ZnS nanowires and nanobelts, suggests possible applications of the one-dimensional nanostructures in nanoscale optoclectronic devices.