Dual functions of BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-alpha (BCY) as an electrolyte and as an anode were improved for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. A porous Ce-rich phase with fluorite structure was formed with a depth of similar to 10 mm from the BCY surface by vaporization of BaO from the BCY surface at 1700 degrees C. The resulting BCY surface showed enough electronic conductivity to provide electrical collection and a high electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen oxidation. A hydrogen-air fuel cell with the BCY electrolyte exhibited reasonable performances without using an anode material between 750 and 950 degrees C. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society.