The sol-gel surface modification is used for capillary isoelectric focusing of microorganisms and blopolymers. The coating strongly decreases the electroosmotic flow so that it enables the use of the short capillaries down to 100 mm in the separation length. The examples of capillary isoelectric focusing of the low-molecular-mass p/markers and mixed cultures of microbial populations of Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enteroccocus faecalis with UV detection are shown. It is possible to quantify bacterial cells according to their peak areas; the minimum detectable number of microbial cells was 5 x 10(2)-1 x 10(3). The compatibility of sol-gel capillaries with sensitive fluorometric detection of fluorescent p/markers together with fluorescein labeled proteins is demonstrated.