Plant cells have no beta 1,4-galactosylated and sialylated glycan, which plays important roles in biological functions in animal cells. Previously, we generated transgenic tobacco BY2 suspension-cultured cells that produced human beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase [N.Q. Palacpac, S. Yoshida, H. Sakai, Y. Kimura, K. Fujiyama, T. Yoshida, T. Seki, Stable expression of human beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase in plant cells modifies N-linked glycosylation pattern, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1999) 4692-4697]. In this study, we introduced two critical genes encoding human CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase and CMP-sialic acid transporter into tobacco suspension-cultured cell to pave a route for sialic biosynthetic pathway. The recombinant human proteins showed their biological activities. These results show that the plant cell can be a useful bioreactor for the production of mammalian glycoproteins. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.