We report the 1.6A resolution crystal structure of SH3BGRL3. a member of a new mammalian protein family Of Unknown function. The observed "thioredoxin fold" of SH3BGRL3 matches the tertiary structure of glutaredoxins, even in the N-terminal region where the sequence similarity between the two protein families is negligible. In particular, SH3BGRL3 displays Structural modifications at the N-terminal Cys-x-x Cys loop, responsible for glutathione binding and catalysis ill glutaredoxins. The loop hosts a six residue insertion, yielding all extra N-terminal-capped helical turn. first observed here for the thioredoxin fold. This. together with deletion of both Cys residues, results in a substantial reshaping of the neighboring cleft. where glutathione is hosted in glutaredoxins. While not active in redox reaction and glutathione binding, SH3BGRL3 may act as all endogenous modulator of glutaredoxin activities by competing, with its fully conserved thioredoxin fold, for binding to yet unknown target proteins. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.