beta1,4-Galactosyltransferase1 (beta1,4GT1) is localized both in the Golgi complex and on the cell surface. In our previous study, we first reported that beta14GT1 was associated with cycloheximide-induced apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells. In this study, we transfected constitutively active protein kinase B (Gag-PKB), a central mediator of anti-apoptotic signals transduced by the P13-kinase, into SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells, and examined its effect on apoptosis and beta1,4GT1 activity. Flow cytometry analysis showed that apoptosis was inhibited in Gag-PKB transfected SMMC-7721 cells. At the same time, 1,4GT1 mRNA level and enzyme activities were downregulated in these cells, consistent with which, the content of beta1,4 Gal branch in the glycoconjugates was decreased in stably transfected cells. Cotransfection of beta1,4GT1 promoter/luciferase reporter and Gag-PKB decreased the luciferase reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the differences in mRNA levels might be regulated through promoter function. All these findings suggested that changes of beta1,4GT1 activity might be involved in apoptotic pathway in hepatocarcinoma cells. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.