Desalination, Vol.119, No.1-3, 217-224, 1998
System design for large-scale ultrafiltration applications
Ultrafiltration is a quickly emerging technology for water treatment. With the introduction of high nux low-pressure tubular membranes with better anti-fouling properties new large-scale applications become technically feasible. Besides better membranes a new process mode (the so-called hybrid now mode) has been introduced which reduces the energy consumption significantly making this application also economically viable. This quasi dead-end way of operation gives together with (chemical enhanced) back-washing a long-term stable flux. The system for large-scale ultrafiltration applications is based on a modular-built module concept that can easily be adapted to the clients' needs enabling a flexible process operation.