Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.264, No.1-3, 223-231, 2004
Formation and growth of NbSe3 topological crystals
We investigated the self-assembled growth of mum-scale topological crystals of NbSe3 based on the chemical vapor transportation method. The shapes of these materials, including cylinders, Mobius strips and "figure-eight" strips, are the physical realization of topological configurations defined by wedge and twist disclinations as well as dispirations. The crystal structure is investigated by X-ray powder diffraction technique and it is revealed that they are NbSe3 crystals with a considerable strain. The variations in topology and growth form (e.g. rings, disks and tubes) are explained based on a growth model that a NbSe3 whisker encircles a selenium droplet by the surface tension to form a loop. The twisted topologies of Mobius strip's and figure-eight strips originates from either the symmetry of the elastic property of NbSe3 or bend-twist transformation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.