Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.250, No.1-2, 62-66, 2003
Vertical Bridgman growth of calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet crystals
The growth of calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet (CLNGG) crystal has been carried out using platinum crucibles in a vertical Bridgman (VB) furnace with three resistance-heating zones. Transparent CLNGG crystals grown from the congruent melts with and without weight loss compensation are different in color and are 25 mm in diameter and about 70 mm in length. The phase identification of the sintered raw materials, grown crystals and white compound formed on the side surface of the grown crystal has been done using the powder X-ray diffraction method. The formation of the white compound is related to the I 10 01 facet growth near the side surface. The naturally selected growth direction of the CLNGG crystal grown without a seed is near < 1 1 1 >, which is in good agreement with the morphological importance analysis according to the BFDH law. The VB-grown CLNGG also shows a cleavable feature parallel to {I I 0} face and no absorption peaks in the wavelength range of 1100-1600 nm. The linear thermal-expansion coefficient of the CLNGG crystal along < I I I > direction is also reported and compared with that of CNGG, GGG and platinum crucible. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:vertical Bridgman growth;calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet;laser host crystal;substrate crystal