This article firstly reports the successful synthesis of wollastonite single crystal nanowires by hydrothermal route. We obtained xonotlite nanowires on hydrothermal condition at a lower temperature (180degreesC) using cationic surfactant as template. The nanowires have high aspect ratios more than 100 with diameters of 50-100nm. After calcination at 800degreesC for 2h, xonotlite nanowires transformed to wollastonite and the fibrous structure was preserved. They were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanism of wollastonite nanowires formation was also discussed.