Highly ordered gold nanopillar arrays were fabricated using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Nanopillars with a dimension of 110 +/-15 nm in vertical height and 75 +/- 10 nm in base diameter were formed with a density of 150 mu m(-2). The ordered nanopillar arrays give reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at a detection limit of 10(-8) M using thionine as probing molecules. The enhancement by the Au nanopillar arrays was comparable with or better than that of dispersed gold nanoparticle SERS substrates. This work demonstrates a new technique for producing highly ordered and reproducible SERS substrates potentially applicable for chemical and biological assay.