응집-UF 막 공정의 적용시 금속염 응집제가 막오염에 미치는 영향

정철우; 심현술; 손인식; Chul-Woo Jung; Hyun-Sool Shim; In-Shik Sohn

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.45, No.5, 523-528, October, 2007

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응집-UF 막 공정의 적용시 금속염 응집제가 막오염에 미치는 영향

Effect of Metal Salt Coagulant on Membrane Fouling During Coagulation-UF Membrane Process

정철우^†, 심현술¹, 손인식¹

울산산업진흥테크노파크 전략산업기획단, 683-804 울산시 북구 연암동 758-2 중소기업종합지원센터 5층
¹부경대학교 건설환경공학부, 608-804 부산시 남구 용당동 산100

Chul-Woo Jung^†, Hyun-Sool Shim¹, and In-Shik Sohn¹

Ulsan Regional Innovation Agency, Ulsan Industry Promotion Techno Park, 5F, 758-2 Ulsan Business Support Center,Yeonarm-dong, Buk-gu, Ulsan 683-804, Korea
¹Division of Construction Engineering, Pukyong National University, San 100, Yongdang-dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608-739, Korea

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초록

본 연구에서는 막분리 공정의 전처리 공정으로 응집 공정을 적용할 경우 응집 공정의 적용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였으며 사용된 응집제 종류에 따라 발생하는 금속염이 막오염에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 응집제 종류에 따른 투과 flux 실험결과 응집 공정을 전처리 공정으로 적용할 경우 막의 재질에 상관없이 응집효율이 우수한 PACl의 경우 투과 flux가 높게 나타났으며 전처리 응집 공정의 적용시 급속교반+UF 공정에 비하여 급속-완속교반+UF 공정의 경우 투과 flux 감소율이 낮게 나타났다. 급속교반 공정에 응집제를 첨가할 경우 다양한 형태의 가수분해종이 형성되어졌으며 금속염 응집제가 막오염에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 시간에 따른 투과 flux 실험결과 금속염 응집제에 의한 막오염이 발생하였으며 응집제 주입량이 증가할수록 침전물 형태의 금속염 가수분해종의 발생이 증가하여 투과 flux 감소가 크게 나타났다.

The objectives of this research are to investigate the mechanism of coagulation affecting UF, find out the effect of metal salt coagulant on membrane fouling. Either rapid mixing + UF or slow mixing + UF process caused much less flux decline. For PACl coagulant, the rate of flux decline was reduced for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membrane than alum due to higher formation of flocs. In addition, the rate of flux decline for the hydrophobic membrane was significantly greater than for the hydrophilic membrane, regardless of pretreatment conditions. In general, Coagulation pretreatment significantly reduced the fouling of the hydrophilic membrane, but did little decrease the flux reduction of the hydrophobic membrane. When an Al(III) salt is added to water, monomers, polymers, or solid precipitates may form. Different Al(III) coagulants (alum and PACl) show to have different Al species distribution over a rapid mixing condition. During the rapid mixing period, for alum, formation of dissolved Al(III) (monomer and polymer) increases, but for PACl, precipitates of Al(OH)3(s) increases rapidly. This experimental results pointed out that precipitates of Al(OH)3(s) rather than dissolved Al(III) formation is major factor affecting flux decline for the membrane.

Keywords:Coagulation Pretreatment;Hydrophilic Membrane;Hydrophobic Membrane;Fouling;Al Hydrolysis;Species

[References]

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Kang LS, Han SW, Jung CW, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 18(6), 965 (2001)
Dempsey BA, Reaction Between Fulvic Acids and Aluminum, In Aquatic Humic Substances; Influence on the Fate and Treatment of Pollutant, ACS (1989)
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[1] Fan L, Harris JL, Roddick FA, Brooker NC, Water Res., 35(18), 4455 (2001)

[2] Laine JM, Clark MM, Mallevialle J, J. AWWA, 90, 82 (1990)

[3] Turcaud LV, Wiesner MR, Bottero JY, J. Membr. Sci., 52(2), 173 (1990)

[4] Fu LF, Dempsey BA, Proc. AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, New Orleans, 1043-1058 (1997)

[5] Song YK, Jung CW, Hwangbo BH, Sohn IS, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 44(5), 547 (2006)

[6] Nystrom M, Kaipia L, Luque S, J. Membr. Sci., 98(3), 249 (1995)

[7] Wang SL, Wang MK, Tzou YM, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 231(1), 143 (2003)

[8] Parker DR, Bertsch PM, Environ. Sci. & Tech., 26(5), 914 (1992)

[9] Akitt JW, Greenwood NN, Khandelwal BL, Lester GD, J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans., 604 (1972)

[10] Smith RM, Robert F, in: Gould (Ed.), Relation Among Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Aqueous Species of Aluminum Hydroxy Complexes in Nonequilibrium Systems: Natural Water Chemistry, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series, 106, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 250-279 (1971)

[11] Rebhun M, Lulie M, Water Sci. Technol., 27(11), 1 (1993)

[12] Kang LS, Han SW, Jung CW, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 18(6), 965 (2001)

[13] Dempsey BA, Reaction Between Fulvic Acids and Aluminum, In Aquatic Humic Substances; Influence on the Fate and Treatment of Pollutant, ACS (1989)

[14] Lo B, Waite TD, Structure of Ferric Oxyhydroxide Aggregates-a Light Scattering Study, Chemeca ‘98 Conference, Port Douglas, September, CD Rom (1998)

[15] Letterman RD, Filtration Strategies to Meet the Surface Water Treatment Rule, Denver, CO; American Water Works Association (1991)