Electrochemical cell current requirements for toxic organic waste destruction in Ce(IV)-mediated electrochemical oxidation process

Vasily V. Kokovkin; Sang Joon Chung; Subramanian Balaji; Manickam Matheswaran; Il-Shik Moon

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.24, No.5, 749-756, September, 2007

DOI10.1007/s11814-007-0037-3 Export Citation

Electrochemical cell current requirements for toxic organic waste destruction in Ce(IV)-mediated electrochemical oxidation process

Vasily V. Kokovkin, Sang Joon Chung, Subramanian Balaji, Manickam Matheswaran, and Il-Shik Moon^†

Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, # 315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea

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The electrochemical cell for cerium oxidation and reactor for organic destruction are the most important operation units for the successful working mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process. In this study, electrochemical cells with DSA electrodes of two types, single stack and double stack connected in series, were used. The performances towards the electrochemical generation of Ce(IV) in nitric acid media at 80 ℃ were studied. The current-voltage curves and cerium electrolysis kinetics showed the dependence on number of cell stacks needed to be connected in series for the destruction of a given quantity of organic pollutant. The presence of an optimum region for Ce(III) oxidation with a contribution of oxygen evolution, especially at low Ce(III) concentration (high conversion ratios), was found. The cells were applied for the Ce(IV) regeneration during the organic destruction. The cell and reactor processes were fitted in a simple model proposed and used to calculate the current needed in terms of Ce(III) oxidation rate and the number of cell stacks required for maintaining Ce(IV)/Ce(III) ratio at the same level during the organic destruction. This consideration was based on the kinetic model previously developed by us for the organic destruction in the MEO process.

Keywords:Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation;Electrochemical Cell;Cerium;Nitric Acid;Oxygen Evolution Current;Organic Destruction

[References]

GEF, On review of emerging innovative technologies for the destruction and decontamination of POPs and the identification of promising technologies for use in developing countries, Report of the United Nations Environmental Programme for 2004, January 15 (2004)
Bringmann J, Ebert K, Galla U, Schmieder H, J. Appl. Electrochem., 25(9), 846 (1995)
Farmer JC, Environmental oriented electrochemistry, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1992)
Farmer JC, Wang FT, Hawley-Fedder RA, Lewis PR, Summers LJ, Foiles L, J. Electrochem. Soc., 139, 654 (1992)
Dhooge PM, Stilwell DE, Park SM, J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, 1719 (1982)
Kramer K, Robertson PM, Ibl N, J. Appl. Electrochem., 10, 29 (1980)
Nelson NJ, Handbook of mixed waste management technology, CRC Publishing, Boca Raton, FL (2001)
Steele DF, Platinum Met. Rev., 34, 10 (1990)
Steele DF, Richardson D, Craig DR, Quinn JD, Page P, Electrochemistry for a cleaner environment, The Electrosynthesis company, East Amherst, NY (1992)
Tzedakis T, Savall A, Chem. Eng. Sci., 46, 2269 (1991)
Varela J, Oberg S, Neustedter TM, Nelson N, Environ. Prog., 20, 261 (2001)
Juttner K, Galla U, Schmieder H, Electrochim. Acta, 45(15-16), 2575 (2000)
Chung SJ, Balaji S, Matheswaran M, Ramesh T, Moon IS, Water Sci. Technol., 55, 261 (2007)
Matheswaran M, Balaji S, Chung SJ, Moon IS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 13(2), 231 (2007)
Chung YH, Park SM, J. Appl. Electrochem., 30(6), 685 (2000)
Chiba Z, Mediated electrochemical oxidation of mixed wastes, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, UCRLJC-112669, April (1993)
Wei Y, Fang B, Arai T, Kumagai M, J. Appl. Electrochem., 35(6), 561 (2005)
Raju T, Basha CA, Chem. Eng. J., 114(1-3), 55 (2005)
Nelson N, Platinum Met. Rev., 46, 18 (2002)
Spotnitz RM, Kreh RP, Lundquist JT, Press PJ, J. Appl. Electrochem., 20, 209 (1990)
Sedneva TA, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 78, 907 (2005)
Moon IS, Korea Patent 10-2005-0045983 (2005)
Balaji S, Chung SJ, Thiruvenkatachari R, Moon IS, Chem. Eng. J., 126(1), 51 (2007)
Balaji S, Kokovkin VV, Chung SJ, Moon IS, Water Res., 41, 1423 (2007)
Lee JW, Chung SJ, Balaji S, Kokovkin VV, Moon IS, Chemosphere, 68, 1067 (2007)
Gardiner J, Water Res., 10, 507 (1976)
Means JL, Crerar DA, Duguid JO, Science, 200, 1477 (1978)
Cleveland J, Rees T, Science, 212, 1506 (1981)
Alder AC, Siegrist H, Gujier W, Giger W, Water Res., 24, 733 (1990)
Ralph TR, Hitchman ML, Millington JP, Walsh FC, Electrochim. Acta, 41(4), 591 (1996)
Matheswaran M, Balaji S, Chung SJ, Moon IS, Chemosphere, 69, 325 (2007)

[Referenced By]

[Related Articles]

[1] GEF, On review of emerging innovative technologies for the destruction and decontamination of POPs and the identification of promising technologies for use in developing countries, Report of the United Nations Environmental Programme for 2004, January 15 (2004)

[2] Bringmann J, Ebert K, Galla U, Schmieder H, J. Appl. Electrochem., 25(9), 846 (1995)

[3] Farmer JC, Environmental oriented electrochemistry, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1992)

[4] Farmer JC, Wang FT, Hawley-Fedder RA, Lewis PR, Summers LJ, Foiles L, J. Electrochem. Soc., 139, 654 (1992)

[5] Dhooge PM, Stilwell DE, Park SM, J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, 1719 (1982)

[6] Kramer K, Robertson PM, Ibl N, J. Appl. Electrochem., 10, 29 (1980)

[7] Nelson NJ, Handbook of mixed waste management technology, CRC Publishing, Boca Raton, FL (2001)

[8] Steele DF, Platinum Met. Rev., 34, 10 (1990)

[9] Steele DF, Richardson D, Craig DR, Quinn JD, Page P, Electrochemistry for a cleaner environment, The Electrosynthesis company, East Amherst, NY (1992)

[10] Tzedakis T, Savall A, Chem. Eng. Sci., 46, 2269 (1991)

[11] Varela J, Oberg S, Neustedter TM, Nelson N, Environ. Prog., 20, 261 (2001)

[12] Juttner K, Galla U, Schmieder H, Electrochim. Acta, 45(15-16), 2575 (2000)

[13] Chung SJ, Balaji S, Matheswaran M, Ramesh T, Moon IS, Water Sci. Technol., 55, 261 (2007)

[14] Matheswaran M, Balaji S, Chung SJ, Moon IS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 13(2), 231 (2007)

[15] Chung YH, Park SM, J. Appl. Electrochem., 30(6), 685 (2000)

[16] Chiba Z, Mediated electrochemical oxidation of mixed wastes, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, UCRLJC-112669, April (1993)

[17] Wei Y, Fang B, Arai T, Kumagai M, J. Appl. Electrochem., 35(6), 561 (2005)

[18] Raju T, Basha CA, Chem. Eng. J., 114(1-3), 55 (2005)

[19] Nelson N, Platinum Met. Rev., 46, 18 (2002)

[20] Spotnitz RM, Kreh RP, Lundquist JT, Press PJ, J. Appl. Electrochem., 20, 209 (1990)

[21] Sedneva TA, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 78, 907 (2005)

[22] Moon IS, Korea Patent 10-2005-0045983 (2005)

[23] Balaji S, Chung SJ, Thiruvenkatachari R, Moon IS, Chem. Eng. J., 126(1), 51 (2007)

[24] Balaji S, Kokovkin VV, Chung SJ, Moon IS, Water Res., 41, 1423 (2007)

[25] Lee JW, Chung SJ, Balaji S, Kokovkin VV, Moon IS, Chemosphere, 68, 1067 (2007)

[26] Gardiner J, Water Res., 10, 507 (1976)

[27] Means JL, Crerar DA, Duguid JO, Science, 200, 1477 (1978)

[28] Cleveland J, Rees T, Science, 212, 1506 (1981)

[29] Alder AC, Siegrist H, Gujier W, Giger W, Water Res., 24, 733 (1990)

[30] Ralph TR, Hitchman ML, Millington JP, Walsh FC, Electrochim. Acta, 41(4), 591 (1996)

[31] Matheswaran M, Balaji S, Chung SJ, Moon IS, Chemosphere, 69, 325 (2007)