Characterizing Anisotropy of the Deterministic Features in Paper Structure with Wavelet Transforms

Yong-Joo Sung; Ramin Farnood

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.13, No.2, 225-230, March, 2007

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Characterizing Anisotropy of the Deterministic Features in Paper Structure with Wavelet Transforms

Yong-Joo Sung^†, and Ramin Farnood¹

Current Address: KT&G Central Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
¹Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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A novel method for evaluating the anisotropy of the deterministic features in stochastic 2D data is introduced. The ability of the wavelet transform to identify abrupt discontinuities or edges could be used to characterize the boundary of the deterministic area in 2D stochastic data, such as flocs in paper structure. The one-dimensional wavelet transform with a small-scale range in MD and CD could quantify the amounts of edges in both directions, depending on the intensity of each floc. The flocs that are aligned in the MD direction result in a higher value of local wavelet energy in the CD direction. Therefore, the ratio of the total wavelet energy in the CD and MD directions can be used as a new anisotropy index. This index is a measure of the floc-orientation and can provide an excellent tool to obtain the orientation distribution and the major oriented angle of the flocs. Various simulated images and real stochastic data, such as the formation image in a pilot machine sample, have been tested; the results show that this analysis method is a very reliable technique for measuring the anisotropy of deterministic features.

Keywords:anisotropy;paper structure;wavelet transform;flocs-orientation;formation image

[References]

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[2] Linna H, Moilanen P, Koskimies J, in TAPPI 1991 International Paper Physics Conference. pp. 341-348. Atlanta, U.S.A (1991)

[3] Kim HJ, Jo BM, Lee SH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 12(4), 578 (2006)

[4] Sohn SD, Paik KH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 12(3), 460 (2006)

[5] Lopez F, Eugenio ME, Diaz MJ, Nacimiento JA, Garcia MM, Jimenez L, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 11(3), 387 (2005)

[6] Swerin A, Mahler A, Nord. Pulp Paper Res J, 11, 36 (1996)

[7] Hess TR, Brodeur PH, in TAPPI 1995 International Paper Physics Conference, pp. 25-28. Atlanta, U.S.A (1995)

[8] Hutten IM, TAPPI J., 78, 189 (1995)

[9] Niskanen KJ, Sadowski JW, J. Pulp Pap. Sci., 15, 220 (1989)

[10] Yuhara T, Hasuike M, Murakami K, J. Pulp Pap. Sci., 17, 110 (1991)

[11] Efikkila AL, Pakarinen P, Odell M, Pulp Pap. Can., 99, 81 (1998)

[12] Praast H, Gottsching L, in 11th Fundamental Research Symposium, C. F. Baker Ed., pp.1293 (1997)

[13] Scharcanski J, Dodson CTJ, J. Pulp Pap. Sci., 25, 393 (1999)

[14] Addison PS, The Illustrated Wavelet Transform Handbook, IOP Publishing Ltd., London (2002)

[15] Keller DS, Ph. D. Thesis, State University of New York, USA (1996)

[16] Jordan B, Nguyen NG, Paperi Ja Puu, 6, 476 (1986)

[17] Trepanier RJ, Jordan BD, Nguyen NG, TAPPI J., 81, 191 (1998)

[18] Farnood RR, Dodson CTJ, in TAPPI 1995 International Paper Physics, pp. 5-12. Atlanta, USA (1995)

[19] Sung YJ, Ph. D. Thesis, State University of New York, USA (2002)