A new type of color-appearance model (CAM) is proposed together with its concept and flow of formulations. The topics described are: (1) The existence of two kinds of color-appearance models, CAMs previously used and CAMs newly proposed. (2) All the CAMs, previously developed and used, do not predict color-appearance attribute of perceived lightness of object colors under any illuminations. They may be adequately called "the model for predicting color-appearance match between object colors under different adapting conditions." (3) Newly improved CAMs take the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect in the VCC method into account. They can determine object colors with the same Tone (equi-perceived lightness, equi-whiteness-blackness, and equi-perceived chroma) irrespective of hues under reference illuminant. The newly improved models can be named Integrated CAMs. Their applicable fields are described in detail. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.