Electrospinning processing can be applied to fabricate fibrous polymer mats composed of fibers whose diameters range from several microns down to 100 nm or less. In this article, we describe how electrospinning was used to produce zein nanofiber mats and combined with crosslinking to improve the mechanical properties of the as-spun mats. Aqueous ethanol solutions of zein were electrospun, and nanoparticles, nanofiber mats, or ribbonlike nanofiber mats were obtained. The effects of the electrospinning solvent and zein concentration on the morphology of the as-spun nanofiber mats were investigated by morphologies of the electrospun products exhibited a zeindependent concentration. Optimizing conditions for zein produced nanofibers with a diameter of about 500 nm with fewer beads or ribbonlike nanofibers with a diameter of approximately 1-6 mu m. Zein nanofiber mats were crosslinked by hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The tensile strength of the crosslinked electrospun zein nanofiber mats was increased significantly. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 380-385, 2007