Fixed beds of cylindrical particles are important in chemical engineering applications, but their packing structures are not as well understood or as well characterized as sphere packings. In this work, X-ray microtomography is used to obtain 3D images of 1.8 mm diameter equilateral cylinders in a 23 mm cylindrical container over a range of bulk porosities. A novel algorithm is used to computationally reconstruct the packings, resulting in data sets that give the location and orientation of each cylinder in the imaged packings. Extensive analysis has been performed, including bulk and local porosities, radial distribution functions, and parameters describing local and global ordering. The major factors affecting packing structure are the overall packing density and the proximity to the wall. At the highest overall packing densities, near-wall porosity becomes nearly equal to interior porosity, and significant global ordering occurs near the wall. For a vertical container, global ordering is characterized by the alignment of the particles with an orthogonal coordinate system that has one axis coincident with r (as defined by the container) and the other two axes in the z-theta plane, but rotated 45 degrees with the horizontal. The observed structures are relevant in the context of flow maldistribution and heat transfer in fixed beds. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.