Seed Crystallization with Cavitation for Enhanced Removal of Calcium in Water

Sun-Jip Kim; Jin-Young Park; Yong-Woo Lee; Kyu-Won Hwang; Won-Kwon Lee

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.13, No.1, 79-83, January, 2007

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Seed Crystallization with Cavitation for Enhanced Removal of Calcium in Water

Sun-Jip Kim^†, Jin-Young Park, Yong-Woo Lee¹, Kyu-Won Hwang², and Won-Kwon Lee

G&G Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 449-795, Korea
¹Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd., Gangnam-gu, Seoul 467-14, Korea
²Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 445-701, Korea

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An innovative calcium removal process, the HVC process, using calcite seeds crystallized with cavitation was investigated. The effluent of the fluoride removal process of the electronics industry (wastewater containing a high concentration of calcium) was used as a feed. The calcium concentration in the feed fluctuated widely in the range 74∼359 mg/L (average: 170 mg/L). Because of the high concentration of calcium and non-carbonated hardness (87.5 % based on total hardness) in the feed, dosing with sodium carbonate was required. The maximum calcium removal efficiency occurred when the seed concentration was maintained at 800∼1200 mg/L. There was no evidence for the reionization of Ca from calcites during the clarification process. After application of this cavitation technology, the crystallization of calcites led to samples with higher uniformity, smaller particle sizes, greater specific surface areas, and more spherical shapes. When the HVC process was operated in semi-batch mode, the calcium removal efficiency was 62.8∼76.1 % (average: 70.2%) with effluent Ca concentrations of 38.2∼71.9 mg/L (average: 54.1 mg/L).

Keywords:calcium removal;seed crystallization;cavitation;electronics wastewater

[References]

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[1] Ahn BG, Oh JI, Chang YH, in Proc. Korean Soc. of Env. Eng., pp. 981-983, KAIST, Seoul, Korea (2003)

[2] Herrmann CC, Klein G, Reactive Polymers, Ion Exchangers, Sorbents, 5, 281 (1987)

[3] Maity A, Biswas M, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 12(3), 311 (2006)

[4] Viero AF, Mazzarollo ACR, Wada K, Tessaro IC, Desalination, 149(1-3), 145 (2002)

[5] Kavitskaya A, Desalination, 168, 341 (2004)

[6] Sabate J, Pujola M, Llorens J, J. Membr. Sci., 204(1-2), 139 (2002)

[7] Sawyer CL, McCarty PL, Parkin CF, Chemistry for Environmental Engineering, pp. 491-492, McGraw-Hill, Inc., Singapore (1994)

[8] Gravely M, Belle BL, Balachandra J, in Proc. EPRI/PIER Advanced Cooling Strategies/Technologies, Sacramento, CA (2005)

[9] Kalumuck KM, Chahine GL, in Proc. FEDSM'98, pp. 1-8, Washington, DC. (1998)

[10] APHA, AWWA, and WEF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edn., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. (1998)

[11] Hong SC, Kim MS, Chung JG, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 8(4), 305 (2002)