The conformational changes occurring in isotactic polypropylene during the melting and crystallization processes have been carefully investigated using FT-Raman spectroscopy at temperatures below, at, and above the polymer melting point. Results confirmed the retention of some crystallinity up to +210 degrees C, which is 50 degrees C above the melting point. It was found that, at temperatures just above the melting point (1-10 degrees C), there is still some short range order of at least 12 monomer units long in certain regions of the melt. At 10 degrees C above the melting point, the short range order drops below 12 monomer units resulting in the disappearance of the Raman band at 841 cm(-1). Vice versa, the experimental measurements show that the iPP melt system is stable when the persistence length of helical sequences is less than 12 monomer units. As soon as the helix length exceeds 12 units, the 31 helix conformation extends quickly and then crystallization occurs. These results are discussed in terms of Imai's microphase separation theory and it agreed very well with it. Also, from our observations for correlation splitting, Raman bands related to conformational states were identified. This analysis indicates the existence of three different conformational states at 808, 830, and 841 cm(-1). The 808 cm(-1) band was assigned to helical chains within crystals (representing crystalline phase). The 841 cm(-1) band was shown to be composed of a band at 841 cm(-1) assigned to shorter chains in helical conformation with isomeric defects (representing the isomeric defect phase), and a broader band at 830 cm(-1) assigned to chains in nonhelical conformation (representing the melt-like amorphous phase). This indicates the detection of a three-phase structure in iPP, where a third phase could be due to the presence of defect regions within the crystalline region, or due to the presence of an amorphous-crystal interphase. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.