The production and properties of single polymer composites is described, where the fibre and matrix phases are of identical chemical composition. The structure of the composites has been explored using mechanical tests, DSC and electron microscopy. Measurements of mechanical anisotropy, thermal expansion and impact behaviour are of especial interest. The commercialisation of the hot compacted materials is also described. Potential applications include the automotive industry, sports protection goods, loudspeaker cones and helicopter radomes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.