Although many measures have been taken to mitigate the formation of deposits on the heat transfer surface, fouling is still a serious problem in industrial processes. This article describes the fouling behavior of two types of copper-modified surfaces with low surface energy. CaCO3 crystallization fouling experiments were carried out on the modified heat transfer surfaces in a simulated cooling hard water system. The results suggest that the fouling process is enhanced in the presence of desorbed air bubbles on the modified surfaces. The fractal theory is used to analyze the fouling geometric texture. The results demonstrate that the fractal dimension values D of CaCO3 fouling on the modified surfaces are higher than that on the copper surface.