화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.128, No.10, 3303-3312, 2006
Competitive ArC-H and ArC-X (X = Cl, Br) activation in halobenzenes at cationic titanium Centers
The titanium methyl cation [Cp*((Bu3P)-Bu-t=N)TiCH3](+)[B(C6F5)(4)](-) reacts rapidly with H-2 to give the analogous cationic hydride [Cp*((Bu3P)-Bu-t=N)TiH(THF)(n)](+)[B(C6F5)(4)](-) (n = 0, 1), which can be trapped and isolated as its THF adduct 1 (.) THF (n = 1). When generated in the presence of chloro or bromobenzene, 1 undergoes C-X activation or ortho-C-H activation, depending on the amount of dihydrogen present in the reaction medium. At similar to 4 atm of H-2, C-X activation is preferred, giving the halocations [Cp*((Bu3P)-Bu-t=N)TiX](+)[B(C6F5)(4)](-) (2X) and C6H6/biphenyl mixtures. At lower pressures of H-2 (> 1 atm), the beta-halophenyl cations [Cp*((Bu3P)-Bu-t=N)Ti(2-X-C6H4)](+)[B(C6F5)(4)](-) (3X) are the products isolated. In the absence of H-2, these compounds are quite thermally stable, but undergo beta-halogen elimination upon moderate heating, to give 2X (similar to 20%) and compounds U which are the result of reaction between 2X and benzyne via addition of the benzyne C-C triple bond across the Ti-N bond of the phosphinimide ligand. Thus, three separate bond activation processes are operative in this system: direct C-X activation, ortho-C-H activation, and indirect C-X activation via beta-halogen elimination. Mechanistic studies on all three processes have been done and support a radical pathway for direct C-X cleavage, sigma-bond metathesis of the ortho-C-H bond Of eta(1)-coordinated C6H5X, and beta-halogen elimination from base-free compound 3X.