The theological behavior of viscoelastic fluids was investigated with regard to the specialty of tertiary oil recovery. Aqueous polyacrylamide solutions at different concentrations were selected to simulate viscoelastic polymer systems, and the Haake RS 150 type rheometer was used to measure the theological behavior. The experimental results showed that the viscoelasticity was positively influenced by polyacrylamide solution concentrations and negatively affected by solution temperatures. The coefficient of first normal stress deference decreased with increasing shear rate. In addition, the relationship between viscosity and the coefficient of first normal stress with shear rate obeyed a power law model. The viscosity decreased with increasing metal ion concentration and time.