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Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol.193, No.5, 537-547, 2006
Hotspot distribution while shortstopping runaway reactions demonstrate the need for CFD models
Runaway reactions continuing to be a problem in the chemical industry. A recent study showed that 26.5% of major chemical plant accidents are due to runaways. Runaways are caused by (a) mischarges of the reactants, catalysts, or contaminants or (b) loss of temperature control. Our studies cover the concept of shortstopping the runaway reactions to prevent accident scenarios. Experiments are conducted with CFD (Fluent) models. Shortstopping runaway reactions can be carried out by (a) adding an inhibitor to neutralize the reaction and/or (b) adding a cold diluent to lower the rate of reaction. In this present work we study the characteristics of runaway reactions and inhibition techniques with a full 3-D CFD simulation to explore nonsymmetric addition points for inhibition. Our 3-D simulations are performed using the multiple reference frame method, and reactions are enabled using user defined functions in Fluent. These CFD results show the distribution of hotspots, that characterizes the shortstopping performance. They also clearly demonstrate the value of using CFD simulations in situations that are experimentally prohibitive.