Chemical Engineering Science, Vol.49, No.17, 2859-2866, 1994
Characterization of Crown-Ethers as Macrocyclic Elements for Rotaxane Preparation - A Monte-Carlo Simulation
Rotaxane synthesis via the statistical method depends upon various geometric considerations such as the ring size of the macrocyclic components. In this paper, we examine the conformational statistics for a series of crown ethers (18-crown-6, 24-crown-8, 30-crown-10, and 36-crown-12) in terms of their average radius, radius of gyration, and intramolecular oxygen-oxygen distances. We conduct NPT Monte Carlo simulations to examine these properties as a function of solvent polarity at 25 degrees C and 1 atmosphere pressure. We find that the crowns are more accessible to statistical threading in water than in carbon tetrachloride from the viewpoint of ring size. However, the macrocycles are more distorted (ellipsoidal) in CCl4, thus opening up the possibility of preparing rotaxanes wherein the macrocycles discriminate between linear chains with differently shaped monomers depending upon the solvent used. Results regarding the scaling of the radius of gyration with molecular weight for the cyclic molecules are also presented.
Keywords:MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION;CALORIMETRIC TITRATION;AMMONIUM CATIONS;RING POLYMERS;BIVALENT-CATIONS;AQUEOUS-SOLUTION;25 DEGREESC;FREE-ENERGY;18-CROWN-6;WATER