Recently, we reported the isothermal crystallization behaviors of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) from the melt and glassy states, respectively [J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 11514; Macromolecules 2004, 37, 6433]. Surprisingly, the quite different infrared (IR) spectral evolutions occur in the two crystallization processes at different temperatures in which the same crystal modification is expected to be formed. To clarify this unusual phenomenon, the crystal modifications and thermal behavior of PLLA samples prepared under different crystallization temperatures are investigated in detail by TEM, WAXD, and FTIR techniques. On the basis of the WAXD and IR data, a new crystal modification named the alpha form is proposed for the crystal structure of PLLA samples annealed at temperature below 120 degrees C. Such crystal modification with loose 10(3) helical chain packing is less thermally stable than the standard a form of PLLA. This assignment can explain all the experiment observations well. Other possible mechanisms for the IR spectral difference of bulk PLLA samples annealed at different temperatures are also discussed.