The surface properties of both suspensions and membranes vary with solution environments in the microfiltration of mineral particulate suspensions using ceramic membranes. It remained uncertain which one might be more important in determining the filtration flux. In this paper the influences of pH and ionic strength on ceramic microfiltration of TiO2 suspensions were studied. Special attention was given to the changes of the surface properties of both the ceramic membranes and the suspensions. The filtration behaviors were analyzed based on the measurements of particle size distribution of the TiO2 suspension, the zeta potential of the ceramic membrane and the TiO2 particle. Results showed that the influence of solution environments on the dispersity of the TiO2 suspension played a major role in the filtration flux. When the particles were well dispersed, changes in the surface charge of the membrane are important in determining membrane performance.